The diffuse insolation Gdh on a horizontal surface is obtained from Equation (8) for Gb = 590 W/m2, and is shown in Fig. 12 as a function of the optical depth with the zenith angle as a parameter. The diffuse insolation has a sliding maximum with the variation of the solar zenith angle. Conclusions The two major climatic components needed for photovoltaic system design are the distributions of solar insolation and ambient temperature. These distributions for the Martian climate are given in the paper at the two Viking lander locations but can also be used, to the first approximation, for other latitudes. In the absence of long-term insolation and temperature data for Mars, the data presented in this paper can be used. The ambient temperature data are given as measured directly by the temperature sensor; the insolation data (global, direct beam, and diffuse) are calculated and
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