Space Solar Power Review Vol 8 Num 3 1989

Cover	1
About Page	2
Table of Contents	3
9-1. Historical Overview of the US Use of Space Nuclear Power by Gary Bennett	5
Summary	5
Introduction	5
Radioisotope Power Sources	7
SNAP-3B	8
SNAP-9A	8
SNAP-19	9
SNAP-27	14
TRANSIT RTG	15
Multihundred Watt (MHW) RTG	15
Reactor Power Sources	17
Space Nuclear Safety	26
Conclusion	27
Acknowledgements	27
References	28
9-4. Near-term Nuclear Space Missions by Dana Andrews	31
Summary	31
1 Introduction	31
2 Mission Characteristics Definition	31
Lunar Evolution Mission	32
Mars Evolution Mission Definition	33
3 Description of Potential Nuclear Elements	34
Lunar Transfer Vehicles	34
Trans-Mars Injection Stage (TMIS)	38
4 Payload Mass Sensitivities	41
5 Conclusions	50
Acknowledgements	52
References	52
9-5. The Mars Climate for a Photovoltaic System Operation by Applebaum and Flood	53
Summary	53
Introduction	53
Solar Cell Array	54
Optical Depth	56
Global and Local Dust Storms	56
Global Dust Storms	56
Local Dust Storms	57
Ambient Temperature	58
Insolation	58
Conclusions	62
Acknowledgements	63
References	63
9-6. Preliminary Assessment of Rover Power Systems for the Mars Rover Sample Return Mission by DJ Bents	65
Summary	65
Introduction	65
MRSR Power System Concepts	68
GPHS-RTG	68
Mod-RTG	69
Closed Brayton Cycle	69
Free Piston Stirling Cycle	71
Mars Background Sink Temperature	74
Effect of Elevated Background Temperature	74
Results and Conclusions	76
References	77
9-8. Candidate Space Missions for Nuclear Generators: Study Results and Implications by Claude Poher	79
Background	79
Space Missions Studies	79
The LEO-GEO Electric OTV	79
Space-based Radars	80
Manned Space Stations	81
Unmanned but Visited Space Stations	82
Planetary Exploration	82
‘Classical' Space Applications Missions	82
Conclusions	83
References	83
10-2. Status of Beamed Power TransmissionTechnology and Applications at 2.45 Gigahertz by William Brown	85
Summary	85
Summary: Status of 2.45 GHz Technology	85
Introduction	86
The Microwave Power Helicopter Demonstration	87
Certification of Overall DC to DC Efficiency of 54% in the Laboratory	88
Demonstration of Transmission of Significant Amounts of Power over Significant Distances	89
The Solar Power Satellite and Beamed Power Transmission	90
Reintroduction of Microwave-powered Aircraft:The Canadian Sharp Program	93
Space Applications	94
An Equatorially Based Beamed Power Transmission System	95
An All-electronic LEO to GEO Transportation System	96
An Orbiting Industrial Park System	97
Conclusions	98
Acknowledgements	100
References	100
10-4. Beamed Laser Power for Advanced Space Missions by COnway and De Young	103
Summary	103
1. Introduction	103
2. Laser Research for Power Transmission	104
2.1. Direct Solar-Pumped Lasers	104
2.2. Electrically Driven Semiconductor Diode Lasers	105
2.3. Oscillator/Amplifier Laser Systems	106
3. Applications	106
4. Summary	109
Acknowldgement	109
References	109
10-5. Feasibility Study of 35 GHz Microwave Power Transmission in Space by Chang, McCleary and Polluck	111
Summary	111
1. Introduction	111
2. Computer Analysis	112
3. Results of Computer Simulation	114
4. Technology Assessment	115
Acknowledgements	115
References	115
11-4. Loss of Coolant Accident Mitigation for Liquid Metal Cooled Space Reactors by Georgevich, Best and Erdman	117
Summary	117
Introduction	117
Theory	118
Computational Development and Results	120
Conclusion	122
References	123
12-2. Construction of Large Space Power Facilities	125
Summary	125
Introduction	125
Construction Concepts for the Solar Power Satellite	126
Satellite Servicing Developments	129
Space Station Freedom Assembly on Orbit	130
Conclusions	131
References	131
Space Power Abstracts	133
1. Solar Photovolatic Systems and Technology	133
1-7. Indium Phosphide Solar Cells—Recent Developments and Predicted Performance in Space	133
1-10. The Physics of Negatively Biased High Voltage Power Systems in Contact with the Space Environment	133
2. Nuclear Space Power Systems	134
2-1. Design Considerations for 10 to 1000 kW(e) Nuclear Reactor Power Systems for Space Applications	134
2-2. CNES-CEA Comparative Evaluation Study of Various Candidate 20 kWe Space Power Systems	135
2-3. A Review of Nuclear Electric Propulsion Spacecraft System Concepts	135
2-4. Overview of CNES-CEA Joint Programme on Space Nuclear Brayton Systems	136
2-8. Opportunities for Space Power in the Global Exploration of Mars	137
3. Energy Storage	137
3-1. Optimal Design of Thermal Energy Storage for Space Power	137
3-4. Heat Transfer on Latent Thermal Energy Storage for Space Solar Dynamic Receiver	138
3-7. High Temperature Superconducting Technology for Advanced Space Power Systems	138
4. Solar Dynamic Systems and Technology	139
4-2. Study on Parabolic Solar Concentrators	139
4-3. Proposal of Gr/Ep Mirror without Glass Base for Solar Collector	139
4-4. An Experimental Stirling Engine for Solar Space Dynamic Power Designs	140
4-6. Solar Dynamic Power Supporting Development Activities for Space Station Freedom: An Overview and Accomplishments	141
4-7. Preliminary Design and Testing of the Space Station Solar Dynamic Radiator for LEO Micrometeoroid and Debris Environment	141
4-8. Development of Deployable Film Type Radiator	142
4-9. Solar Thermal Power Systems for Space and Terrestrial Applications: Similar Research Challenges	142
5. Nuclear Space Power Technologies	143
5-5. Advanced Heat Pipe Technology for Space Heat Transport and Rejection Technologies	143
5-9. An Advanced Condenser Design for Space Power Systems	144
6. Power Conversion, Control and Conditioning	144
6-1. European Regenerative Fuel Cell Technologies for Space Use	144
6-4. Development of Closed Brayton Cycle Engine for Solar Power LOX/LH? Production System	145
6-5. Considerations of Power Conversion Techniques in Future Space Applications	145
6-6. Real-time Symbolic Inference & Control for a Space Station Type Power System	146
6-8. Satellite Attitude Control Through Solar Radiation: A New Approach	146
6-9. On the Selection of Low-temperature Thermal Tubes' Parameters for Spacecraft Temperature Control Systems	147
7. Advanced Solar Space Power Systems	147
7-1. Energy the Enabler: In a Changing, Growing World	147
7-2. Non-terrestrial Materials for Space Solar Power Projects	148
7-5. A Space-based Combined Thermophotovoltaic Electric Generator and Gas Laser Solar Energy Conversion System	148
7-7. Surveying the Future of International Commercial Space Power	149
8. Advancd Nuclear Space Power Systems Concepts	149
8-6. Space Nuclear Reactor Shields for Manned and Unmanned Applications	149
9. Space Power Mission Applications	150
9-3. Galileo and Ulysses Missions—Safety Analysis and Launch Readiness Status	150
9-7. Central Electrical Utility Power for a Satellite Ring City in Low Earth Orbit Space	150
10. Space Power Beaming	151
10-1. Space Experiment for Microwave Energy Transmission (METS)	151
10-3. Power Beaming—The Electric Grid for Space	151
10-6. Pulsed Laser Propulsion for Low Cost, High Volume Launch to Orbit	152
11. Nuclear Safety	152
11-1. Nuclear Space Power Systems: Ensuring Safety from Beginning to End	152
11-5. Safety and Environmental Analyses of Space Nuclear Power Systems	153
12. Space Powre Missions Applications 2	154
12-3. On-orbit Assembly & Growth of Space Station Freedom Power Systems	154
12-4. Space Station Freedom Growth Power Requirements	154
12-5. Lunar Base Power System Concepts	155
Late Entries	157
8-1. Advanced Radioisotope Space Power Systems	157
A New Perspective on Space Power	157
Keynote Address: Future Prospects for Generation and Use of Energy in Space	157
Back Cover Contents	160

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