after the Challenger accident, leaving the two-stage solid propellant inertial upper stage (IUS) for use by Galileo. Given the lower energy available from the IUS, Mission designers were able to construct the Venus-Earth-Earth gravity assist (VEEGA) low energy trajectory to reach Jupiter via successive flybys of Venus (once) and Earth (twice) (Fig. 3). This trajectory requires three years of additional flight time, and some spacecraft design modifications for the new communications requirements and more severe thermal environments. This unique trajectory also provides the
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTU5NjU0Mg==