Status of the Technical Issues Cycle Life Although there has been significant progress in the development of these cells, there are still technical issues that need to be addressed (see Table IV). Limited cycle life is one of the more important. It is tied to the inability of the lithium electrode to operate reversibly over a large number of cycles. For example, in the Li-TiS2 system, in order to overcome poor reversibility, the lithium to positive electrode ratio was 12:1 in the early days of development. JPL was able to achieve 700 deep discharge cycles and Otzinger reported [6] 12 simulated real-time GEO seasons (Fig. 7) in experimental cells of this type. However, for real cells, the increased quantity of lithium reduces the specific energy and energy density advantage.
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