The characteristics being simulated are also discussed. In many cases, it is necessary only to duplicate the mechanical or geotechnical properties of the lunar regolith. The article describes, in some detail, how lignite fly ash duplicates many of the mechanical properties of lunar material. However, in many processes it may be necessary to match grain size, modal composition, or chemical composition of the lunar regolith. The article describes how terrestrial basalts have been used as analogs of lunar basalts. In particular, the Minnesota Lunar Simulant, produced from a terrestrial basalt, is reported as being a good model and chemical analog. In this case, the material has a similar bulk chemistry, but a dissimilar mineral chemistry. The difference between bulk and mineral chemistry is not noted in this article, but is important for many experiments as it influences the thermodynamic and kinetic properties. The behaviour of terrestrial ilmenite is considerably different than that of lunar ilmenite during beneficiation and reduction. Overall, this article provides a good overview of lunar simulants for someone unfamiliar with this area. The extensive reference list provides a starting point for familiarization with the subject. Melinda Hutson University of Arizona
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