designs. Once the networks have been developed then energy balances can be taken round each node and the set of simultaneous equations solved by any network solving technique. The techniques used for these relatively simple networks were iterative calculation for the large network and direct substitution for the small network. It is very important to use the correct view factors in these network equations and these were taken from the Chemical Engineers’ Handbook [8] for plates at right angles or were calculated using the crossed strings method. The use of radiation reflectors is often beneficial in obtaining high radiation efficiency but care must be taken to treat it properly, (see Fig. 5). For example, in the vertical radiator case it is very beneficial to coat the underside of the sunshield with aluminum as a radiating power of over 429 W/nr can be achieved compared to 300 W/m2 for the Kapton surface. But since lunar surface radiation is reflected to the radiator surface, as can be shown by simple geometry, this actually turns the radiator into a solar collector.
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