2000 kg and an optimistic one where it is assumed to be 0 kg because it uses the ilmenite beneficiation facility’s equipment. An equatorial radiator would be 10% larger and thus require 10% more water. It would also require additional hardware for the sunscreen support towers and active pointing system. This is estimated to be 500 kg of imported structure [2]. Plate manufacturing is more difficult to evaluate but appears cheaper. A single 8 m mirror can melt sufficient soil for both the top and bottom plates in under one year whatever the soil conditions or radiator thickness required. Such a mirror is estimated to have a mass of 250 kg. Mining equipment is needed to level the soil and some beneficiation equipment is required for rock removal. A reasonable estimate would be 750 kg. If a mold or caul is required then this could have significant mass, depending on its size. For a graphite composite mold 25 m2 and 5 mm thick the weight would be 50 kg. Ten of them are required to obtain 250 m2/hr rate without moving a caul more than once an hour. This means a total mass of 500 kg for cauls. The total system mass is therefore 1500 kg compared to 4000 kg for the pipe factory. Such estimates are very crude and are sensitive to operational concerns. A much more detailed study would be required to make good estimates and select the optimal approach. Results are summarized in Fig. 13 and Table IV. Discussion The lunar radiator design problem has been discussed in the context of the lunar radiation environment and two optimal radiator designs have been developed which are
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