Also from equation 3, du/dt can be defined in terms of the liquid fraction: As the load profile was averaged (at 75 kW ), 0] is assumed a constant for this analysis. Using equation 12, the Brayton system has a liquid fraction increase of 0.508 during the sun portion and a loss of 0.425 during the eclipse portion of the orbit. This yields a net liquid fraction orbital gain of 0.083. Similarly, the Rankine cycle has a liquid fraction increase of 0.461 during the sun portion and a loss of 0.414 during the eclipse; hence a net orbital gain of 0.047. When the minimum liquid fraction for a given orbit reaches a value of 0.537, it can be assumed that the thermal energy storage response has achieved its steady periodic profile. The number of orbits required to reach steady state, 1%^, is defined as:
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