launched on June 30, 1962, the power supply systems use silicon solar cells and batteries. Their power was up to about 30 W, life time - 1440 and more hours. The beginning of exploitation of a number of automatic unified orbital stations oriented to the Earth (AUOS - SM) was the next step, made in 1976, in the development of power systems. The power system of these satellites is comprised of a silicon solar array and battery non-oriented to the Sun (autonomous of satellite) with the total area of 12 m2, two air - tight nickel - cadmium storage batteries with the total capacity of 66 Ah and control devices. The power of this system was up to 150 to 200 W, the active life time - up to 180 days. The real service life exceeded greatly the design, up to 5 years on the satellite "Oreol - 3". In 1979 the program "Ocean" started, and several satellites were launched. The power system of these satellites comprises the one - axis Sun - oriented solar array with the area of about 7 m2, its power level being 180 to 400 W. The launch of the automatic unified orbital station - solar modification (AMOS - SM) was planned for 1992. The minimum power level of the designed power system is 850 W. The system has a silicon solar array oriented to the Sun with an accuracy of 1 degree, its area equals to 18 m2. The active life of AUOS - SM is one year. The launch of the satellite "Ocean-0" was also planned for 1992. This satellite will have one - axis Sun - oriented silicon solar array with the area of 32 m2. The power level of the system will be about 1500 W, the active life of the satellite "Ocean - 0" is one year. The characteristics of the solar batteries installed in the satellites have been constantly improved and the present characteristics are as follows: • specific power is about 125 W/m2 at the beginning of life, performance temperature is +60 degrees C; • specific mass is dependent on the requirements of radiation resistance is 2.8 to 3.3 kg/m2 (photovoltaics with module interconnects and cover glasses without the weight of the frame). Our achievements are: • usage of the photovoltaics and battery in the satellite "Oreol-3" of the "Arcad" project the design of which allowed the reduction of the magnetic and electric fields created by the solar array (the so called electromagnetic pure SB); • achieved operating time of solar cells is over 5 years in the circular orbits as high as 500 km;
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