• solar light concentrators and orbital thin film optical reflectors; • orbital radio reflectors of large diameters; • effective combined photovoltaic and microwave emitting system; • light-weight phased array transmitters and rectennae • closed gas turbo -engine systems with the efficiency up to 50 %; • highly efficient lasers with the efficiency from 20 to 30%; • systems of heat rejection into cosmic space based on liquid droplet refrigerators; • energy accumulators with specific capacity up to 500 kJ/kg and low specific mass (about 1 kg / kW electric); • Devices that use the effect of superconductivity. The Achievements in Solving the Problems Connected With the Creation of Solar Space Electric Power Stations (SPS) The idea of creation of SPS was proposed by the Soviet engineer N. A. Varvarov in his article (4) as early as 1960. Therefore the investigations made by Peter Glaser were of great interest in the Soviet Union. The first volume of "Heliotechnika" which was published in 1971 included the translation of Dr Glaser's paper. Since 1977 the leading research centers of the USSR have been involved in the development of different aspects of SPS creation problem (5). These studies were continued in our country in the early eighties when the DOE - NASA project finished and interest abroad in the SPS problem diminished. For the last 5 years there has been a revival of interest to SPS, which is stimulated by accumulated theoretical material and new possibilities in cosmonautics connected with the generation of the powerful launcher "Energia" (to realize the demonstration SPS project only 3 "Energia" launchers are required). Practically all the questions about SPS development were reflected in the work of Soviet scientists: methods of transformation of solar energy into electricity, installation of the power satellite into the geosynchronous orbit and energy transmission to the Earth by microwave radiation. It is necessary to draw attention to the study of ecological aspects of using high frequency radio waves in energy transmission (6). An interesting solution of the problem of launching heavy loads to orbit with the use of the electromagnetic gun and the effect of anomalous pressure in ionospheric plasma was proposed by B. A. Osadin. There are original ideas for SPS component transfer from the low orbit to geosynchronous orbit using electric rocket engines powered from the ground (the transmission of microwave energy "Earth to Space") (7). The scientists worked on the questions connected with the formation of a microwave beam at a space station, its passing through the atmosphere and its transformation into direct current energy for use on Earth. A group of scientists from St. Petersburg under the guidance of Dr. V.A.Grilikhes developed the idea of direct transformation of solar energy into microwave emission by coupling two main subsystems of SPS: solar cells and phased
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