Microwave Power Systems for Restoration of Ozone Layer A.P.SMAKHTIN, V.V.RYBAKOV * Summary: In this paper the possibility of using a microwave beam for ozone layer restoration in the Earth's atmosphere is discussed. Ozone molecules can be produced as a results of an atmospheric discharge and so, in principle, the microwave radiation can be used for ozone generation. However, only specific kinds of atmospheric discharges efficiently generate the ozone molecules. Results of solving some problems connected with the practical realization of this conception are presented in this paper. The depletion of the ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere is one of the most important global ecological problems. It is common knowledge that the availability of ozone molecules in the Earth's atmosphere protects all terrestrial life against the disastrous influence of ultra-violet solar radiation. However in the last few years ozone layer observations, performed both from ground and from satellites, have shown a decrease of the ozone atmospheric concentration. This process of the atmospheric ozone depletion gives rise to the phenomenon known as "an ozone hole". For the most part, the ozone holes have been found above the North and the South Poles, but there is a tendency for a expansion of the ozone holes. It is very important to remember that ozone molecules are everywhere over the Earth's atmosphere and the maximum ozone density is about 3 to 5 x 10^ molecules per cubic centimeter at heights from 25 to 30 kilometers [1], The usual physical concept of the ozone atmospheric layer is as a 3 cm thick layer. The physical model of the ozone layer is for the case when all molecules of the atmospheric ozone are gathered together at NTP. The problem of the ozone holes in the Earth's atmosphere has received detailed attention for the purpose of researching mechanisms of the ozone layer generation and reasons for the ozone holes. In spite of more than 100 years of a study of the atmospheric ozone generation, details of this process remain unknown because of the complex nature of this phenomenon. A photochemical multi-step reaction is the basis of ozone generation in the Earth's atmosphere. A dissociation of oxygen molecules in the atmosphere and an excitation of oxygen atoms with subsequent formation of the ozone molecules have their origin under ultra-violet solar radiation with a wavelength less than or equal to 1759 Angstrom units. The availability of a third molecule is necessary to the stabilization of this reaction. A water molecule is very active as this stabilizer. At the same time the reverse reaction proceeds under ultra-violet sunlight with a wavelength less than or equal to 11400 Angstrom units. There is an optimum relationship for the atmospheric ozone generation between the oxygen content of the atmosphere and the density of the ultra-violet solar radiation at the height from 25 to 30 kilometers where the ozone density is at a maximum as mentioned above. * Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia
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