be made available to government space agencies. Also many countries do not have space agencies. Thus by reason of financial ability, the commodity nature of the product, and the fact that the space component is only one part of the venture, space agencies or consortia thereof are not considered logical initiators of a venture to bring energy from space to Earth. Terracing or Evolution The terracing approach proposed by Dr. Glaser, one of the authors of this position paper, is based on the concept of evolving the technologies and capabilities until you reach your goal. The program is made up of six steps or plateau's each which build upon the previous one. The first step in the terrace leading to energy from space is the use of wireless power transmission to provide power to remote, ground locations and aerial platforms such as unmanned surveillance planes and airships for communication relay towers. The next step is to beam power between spacecraft, to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), and for use in electric transfer vehicles going to geosynchronous orbit (GEO). Following the development of this capability power could be beamed to the moon or bounced off of power relay satellites, Finally steps five and six would be power from GEO and the Moon to Earth. This would occur around 2030. Projects such as the SPS are unlikely to be pursued until information from other projects such as the PRS at successive "terrace" levels can guide the evolution of the most appropriate design for the SPS. The assumption underlying the "terracing" approach is that advanced technologies will be developed in support of existing or planned national and international space projects. Multinational Networked Enterprises Various forms of organizations have been proposed for a number of different commercial space endeavors. Former astronaut and U.S. Senator "Jack" Schmitt has proposed that the IntelSat model be used for both an international Mars mission and the mining of Helium-3 for fusion (Kulcinski 1988). Iridium was conceived and started by Motorola and can be viewed as an international consortium of users, builders, and investors. A Multinational Network Enterprise (MNE) as defined in Technology and the Economy [8] can be considered an inverted or modified "keiretsu" . A keiretsu or more strictly speaking kigyoshudan is a group of enterprises tied together through reciprocal share-holdings, credit relations, trading relations, and interlocking directorships (OECD 1992 or Scott 1986). The coordinating mechanism, the presidents' club or shacho kai, which meets regularly, i.e. sort of a monthly program review, strategy session and board of directors meeting.
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