A. GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENT INSPECTION OPERATIONS (RIO) A key institutional safeguard against potential military threats arising from the SPS is the concept of an international Resident Inspection Operation (RIO). The principal function of RIO would be to detect and report to the international community any attempt to use the SPS as a threatening military weapon, to convert the SPS into a weapon, or to use any of its elements to support offensive military systems in any direct manner. A.1 General Consideration In order to perform its intended function, RIO must be both effective and trustworthy. It must be able to carry out its function despite attempts at political, economic, or physical coercion. It must be a trustworthy organization whose activities are above suspicion and whose reports are believable. Several problems present themselves in organizing and managing RIO in order to ensure its effectiveness, believability, and reporting capabilities. The first of these is the problem of the independence of the RIO. Regardless of the mechanisms of ownership and management of the SPS systems, the RIO must be organized and managed in such a manner that it is acceptable to the SPS system owners and managers. Although the SPS systems personnel may, in some instances, tend to treat RIO personnel as necessary evils, there must be an agreement between the RIO management and the SPS management permitting the free access of RIO personnel to every aspect of the SPS, with due regard for the safety of both personnel and equipment. The RIO must also be acceptable and believable to political and military leaders and to the general public in diverse countries of the world. Since it cannot show the slightest hint of conflict of interest, it cannot be organized or staffed by the owners or operators of the SPS system, nor by any government or organization in a position to exert significant political, economic, or ideological leverage on the RIO. Although this in itself appears to be a very large order, the organization and management of the RIO must be effective. If and when a potentially threatening activity occurs, RIO must be ready, willing, and able to report it on a worldwide basis. RIO must, therefore, possess its own communications systems which are, to all intents and purposes, nonjammable and noninterruptable. These RIO communications systems will be used for intraorganizational secure communications, as well
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