TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 .0 INTRODUCTION 3 1. 1 Description of free-space power transmission by microwave beam and its early development 3 1.2 Major Microwave Collector-Converter Technology Developments 8 1.3 Progress in Rectenna Efficiency Using Progress in Rectenna Element Efficiency as an Index 19 1.4 The Energy Problem and the Solar Power Satellite Concept as Factors in Determining the Extent and Direction of Rectenna Development .22 1.5 Objectives of the Technology Development Reported Upon in this Report .24 2.0 IMPROVEMENTS IN TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF RECTENNA ELEMENTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE RXCV RECTENNA ELEMENT 25 2. 1 Introduction 25 2. 2 Techniques for Measuring the Efficiency and Losses of Rectenna Elements 26 2. 2. 1 Measurement Equipment 26 2. 2. 2 Calibration of Microwave Power Input 26 2. 2.3 Measurement of Diode Losses 33 2. 2.4 A Check on Measurement Accuracies by Balancing Measurements of Input Microwave Power Against the Sum of the Measurements of DC Power Output, Diode Losses, and Circuit Losses 34 2.3 The Development of a Mathematical Model of the Rectenna Element Together with Computer Simulation Program and its use. 41 2.3.1 Introduction 41 2.3.2 Mathematical Model of the Rectenna Element 43 2.3.3 A Representative Set of Data Resulting from the Use of the Computer Simulation Program 43 2.4 Agreement of Computer Simulation Data with Experimental Measurements 47 2.4. 1 Comparison of Simulated Efficiency and Losses with those Measured Experimentally 47 3.0 RECTENNA ELEMENT CIRCUIT MODIFICATION 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Circuit Modifications to permit more efficient operation at reduced microwave power input levels 49 3.2 . 1 Introduction and summary of results 49 3.2 .2 The Design and Construction of Circuits for more efficient operation at lower power levels 50
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