against vulnerabilities to which the SPS might be prone. Although no single safeguard or combination of safeguards can totally assure that the SPS will not pose a threat to anyone—anymore than it is possible to assure that the SPS will be survivable to attack by anyone—it seems likely that several of these safeguards could be combined to reduce the threat potential to acceptable levels. The credibility of such safeguards, again, depends on candid public discussions. (11) Certain safeguards appear to offer the most promise. These include an international Resident Inspection Operation (RIO), a comprehensive Long- Range Space Surveillance (LRSS) system, system design for survivability, and a variety of new international agreements. Self-defensive armaments for major elements of the SPS, and various electronic countermeasures to protect SPS elements from electronic attack are other useful safeguards. The need for these latter two safeguards obviously would vary in importance depending on the arrangements under which one or more nations conduct a SPS program, as noted in (1) above. (12) If a Resident Inspection Operation for SPS can be established successfully, it could provide a stabilizing influence in international affairs. In summary, this examination of the military implications of a Satellite Power System has revealed no threat issues which cannot be mitigated by a judicious combination of safeguards. 1.6 References and Notes 1. "Satellite Power System: Reference System Report," DOE/ER-0023, DOE/NASA, January 1979. 2. Arrie Bachrach, "Satellite Power System: Public Acceptance," HCP/R-4024-04, DOE/NASA, October 1978. 3. "Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program Plan, July 1977 - August 1980," DOE/ET-0034, February 1978. 4. Claud N. Bain, "Satellite Power System: Military Implications," HCP/R-4024- 11, DOE/NASA, October 1978. 5. Michael J. Ozeroff, "Satellite Power System: Military Implications," HCP/R- 4024-01, DOE/NASA, October 1978. 6. J. Peter Vajk, "Satellite Power System: Financial/Management Scenarios," HCP/R-4024-05, DOE/NASA, October 1978. 7. Herbert E. Kierulff, "Satellite Power Systems: Financial/Management Scenarios," HCP/R-4024-13, DOE/NASA, October 1978.
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