• . The Resident Inspection Operation. The Resident Inspection Operation has a C ^3 network similar to that of the SPS, which can be envisioned as overlying the SPS C^$ □ network shown in the major portion of Figure 2-1. The C system for RIO, however, differs in that RIO headquarters must interface with three additional sets of nodes: (1) the United Nations Organization (UNO) ; (2) the NCAs of all the countries participating in SPS or in RIO; and (3) the space vehicles belonging to RIO. These interfaces are necessary for RIO to perform its purpose effectively and reliably. In order to disseminate information gathered by resident inspection teams, RIO must have assured communications directly to the UNO and the NCAs involved in SPS and in RIO. In order to maintain the capability of independent space travel for inspection purposes, especially in times of international tension or crisis, RIO must have its own fleet of space vehicles and thus must have assured direct communications between headquarters and each vehicle. (This is in addition to the communications required between RIO vehicles and various launch facilities, orbital bases, and the space traffic control center.) Figure 2-1 shows the C^3 system for the routine construction and operations phase of the SPS program. A C^3 system will also be an essential part of SPS during the DDT&E phase. Since many of the components of the SPS will not yet have been constructed, the network would be considerably simpler but the international Resident Inspection Operation would already be in place to protect against military adaptation of the SPS and to assure that appropriate safeguards are designed into the system from the start. 2.7 Communications System The full C^3 system shown in Figure 2-1 requires a great many long-distance links between various facilities, both within and outside of the Satellite Power System. Communications on Earth are assumed to use commercial telephone land lines and microwave nets, commercial communications satellites, and conventional radio. Space communications may be conventional RF channels or laser links, the latter providing greater security and privacy. Figure 2-1 suggests that space vehicles would communicate only with space traffic control and with C^2 centers at the point of departure and at destination. Messages from SPS Program Headquarters would be relayed via the departure or destination facilities, if necessary. If a space traffic control system were in
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