deployed some distance away. Under RIO, it would seem possible to deploy such weapons with international assurance that their range and capabilities were adequate for defensive purposes but not for offensive uses. Such self-defense capabilities could be used to safeguard against ASAT attacks as well as satnapping. Similarly, an onboard self-destruct capability could be used to safeguard against satnapping. 5.2 Institutional Safeguards Table 5-2 lists possible institutional safeguards and the abbreviations used for these safeguards. Table 5-2. INSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS FOR SPS COUNTER COUNTER SAFEGUARD ABBREVIATION THREAT VULNERABILITY Industrial security measures IS XX International agreements and Agr. X X treaties International resident inspection RIO X operations Personnel screening and selection PS X Police and security forces Police X Proximity rules in space Prox. X X (by international agreement) Public discussion Pub. disc. X X Various kinds of international treaties and agreements are considered indispensable concomitants of an SPS program, whether multilateral or multinational. These are needed to resolve issues such as the implications of existing treaties (e.g., the 1967 Treaty on Principles) on the use of outer space for orbital power generation, use of geosynchronous orbit, use of SPS in behalf of private sector
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