is easy to show (see Appendix C) that, for reasonably small [] ([] denotes any of [] is bounded by where Eq. (15) shows that the arg [] terms of (14), which do not depend on £, are bounded by terms of order [], while the last two terms, which do depend on £, are bounded by [] terms. Thus the variation of the []’s over the ARA may give rise to phase errors of order |r|, while errors due to different values of [] for a particular element) are at most of order []. We conclude that the uniformity of the VHF diplexers is more important than the particular values of |r|, assuming, still, that |F| is reasonably small. Specifically, [] should suffice for uniform diplexers while [] would be required for very nonuniform diplexers. From (14) and (15) we also see that the diplexers should be designed for resistive mismatches to the extent possible, because arg [] for real [] and [] e)Multipath Effects Multipath causes pointing errors in much the same way transmission line mismatches do. The received signal, either pilot or retrodirected, is the vector sum of a direct signal plus one or more signals each of which reach the receiving antenna after one or more reflections from the surroundings. The effect is
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