utilization of intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements which are negotiated and signed expressly on behalf of the Head of State and which may be, in 9 their legal effect, m the same category as treaties. Examples of these types of agreements are those between governmental departments such as those between postal agencies or ministries of various States. Private persons or legal entities, such as corporations, are usually not parties to "treaties,” but can be parties to subsidiary agreements. For example, the definitive arrangements for the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) consists of two basic documents. The first, the Agreement Relating to the International Telecommunications Organization "INTELSAT," is a treaty between States, and the second, the Operating Agreement Relating to the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization "INTELSAT," is a subsidiary agreement which may be signed by a State Party to the Agreement or by a telecommunications entity, public or private, designated by a State Party to the Agreement. Such designated entities, or Signatories, may be private corporations as illustrated by the designation of the Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT) as Signatory for the United States to INTELSAT’S Operating Agreement. The INTELSAT definitive arrangements also illustrate the third general category of international agreements, those which create international organizations. While such treaties and the resultant organizations have traditionally been utilized as tools for the coordination of activities between the States for mutual benefit, less developed States have been advocating their use as techniques to force the sharing of benefits between States. For example, with justification derived from concepts such as the "common heritage of mankind" and "New International Economic Order," some States have demanded that an international authority be established to govern the distribution to all States of benefits from the mining of the ocean floor. It is apparent that given the growing predilection by States for preserving their rights with regard to space-related resources such as the radio frequency spectrum, geostationary orbital slots, and Moon resources, there will be an increasing amount of pressure for the creation of administrative international organizations by which to distribute space-related benefits among the nations. This pressure may become apparent with regard to SPS space segment development as well.
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